martes, 4 de septiembre de 2018

BODYS ISEK KINGELEZ: CITY DREAMS. THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART


Through January 1, 2019
“Without a model, you are nowhere. A nation that can’t make models is a nation that doesn’t understand things, a nation that doesn’t live,” said visionary artist Bodys Isek Kingelez (1948–2015). Based in then-Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), following its independence from Belgium, Kingelez made sculptures of imagined buildings and cities that reflected dreams for his country, his continent, and the world. Kingelez’s “extreme maquettes” offer fantastic, utopian models for a more harmonious society of the future. An optimistic alternative to his own experience of urban life in his home city of Kinshasa, which grew exponentially and organically with urban planning and infrastructure often unable to keep step, his work explores urgent questions around urban growth, economic inequity, how communities and societies function, and the rehabilitative power of architecture—issues that resonate profoundly today.


Kingelez’s vibrant, ambitious sculptures are created from an incredible range of everyday materials and found objects—colored paper, commercial packaging, plastic, soda cans, and bottle caps—all meticulously repurposed and arranged. While he didn’t travel outside of Zaire until 1989, he was highly attuned to world events and deeply concerned with social issues. The Scientific Center of Hospitalisation the SIDA (1991), for example, references the AIDS crisis; Palais d’Hirochima (1991) addresses the condition of postwar Japan; and U.N. (1995) attests to the organization’s global peacekeeping efforts and the artist’s own sense of civic responsibility. In the complex multi-building cityscape Kimbembele Ihunga (1994), the artist reimagines his agricultural home village complete with a soccer stadium, banks, restaurants, and skyscrapers. In Ville Fantôme (1996), which will be accompanied by a Virtual Reality experience for visitors, the artist has imagined a peaceful city in which doctors and police are not needed.

The first US retrospective of Kingelez’s work, the exhibition spans his full career, from early single-building sculptures, to spectacular sprawling cities, to futuristic late works, which incorporate increasingly unorthodox materials. These rarely shown works are a call for us all to imagine, in the artist’s words, a “better, more peaceful world.”


This exhibition includes an interactive virtual-reality experience that allows visitors to explore Ville Fantôme, one of Kingelez’s large-scale city sculptures. Suitable for children 13 and up with adult supervision.

Organized by Sarah Suzuki, Curator, with Hillary Reder, Curatorial Assistant, Department of Drawings and Prints, The Museum of Modern Art.

Exhibition design is produced in collaboration with the artist Carsten Höller.

Special thanks to Jean Pigozzi and CAAC—The Pigozzi Collection.

https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3889?locale=es

ART AND PEOPLES OF THE KHARGA OASIS


At The Met Fifth Avenue
OCTOBER 11, 2017–SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
In 1908, The Metropolitan Museum of Art began to excavate late-antique sites in the Kharga Oasis, located in Egypt's Western Desert. The Museum's archaeologists uncovered two-story houses, painted tombs, and a church. They also retrieved objects that reveal the multiple cultural and religious identities of the people who lived in the region. The finds represent a society between the third and seventh centuries A.D., a time of transition between the Roman and early Byzantine periods, which integrated Egyptian, Greek, and Roman culture and art.


"Afterlife Identities: The Art and Peoples of Kharga Oasis," a Now at The Met blog post by Co-curator Andrea Myers Achi


This exhibition features some thirty works from these excavations. By grouping objects according to the archaeological context in which they were discovered, the exhibition explores the interpretation of ancient identities and artifacts and shows how archaeological documentation can assist in understanding an object's original function. On view are ceramics, ostraca (pottery shards used as writing surfaces), jewelry from burials, glassware, coins, copies of frescoes with early Christian images, and early twentieth-century site photography.
https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2017/kharga-oasis

EN LOS DOMINIOS DEL GATOPARDO


El legado literario de Lampedusa se atesora en un palacio en Palermo con habitaciones para el alquiler turístico. Su heredero, Gioachino Lanza Tomasi, vela por su recuerdo


Gioacchino Lanza Tomasi, heredero de Lampedusa, asoma al balcón del palacio en el que este vivió sus últimos años. PRISCILLA BENEDETTI

IKER SEISDEDOS
Palermo

¿Se ha movido usted mucho este verano? Seguramente no tanto como acostumbraba Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896-1957), autor de El gatopardo. Su rutina estival incluía en los años veinte “un viaje largo por Europa, iniciado con una larga estancia en Inglaterra, seguida de un breve trayecto por Francia y de una escala en Austria, antes de reunirse con su madre para terminar en el Tirol”. Lo cuenta Gioacchino Lanza Tomasi, pariente y heredero del escritor italiano, en la introducción al volumen epistolar Viaje por Europa. Correspondencia (1925-1930), traducido por Juan Antonio Méndez. Editado por Acantilado, es una deliciosa reunión de cartas llenas de humor enviadas desde el extranjero a sus primos en Sicilia, los Piccolo, dos hermanos exquisitamente excéntricos: Casimiro, pintor dado a hablar con los espectros, y Lucio, poeta y músico medio ocultista cuyo éxito despertó al escritor que había en Lampedusa.
Lanza Tomasi y su esposa Nicoletta Polo, duques de Palma, no se permiten unas vacaciones tan largas como las del viejo noble autor de una sola obra maestra. Tampoco pueden tirarse el verano en el castillo de Donnafugata para ver si la ralentización propia de la estación apacigua las llamas del cambio social, como hace el príncipe Salina en El Gatopardo, novela situada en 1860 tras el desembarco en Sicilia de Garibaldi. Así que ahí estaban los dos, a mitad de julio, con todas las ventanas del palacio en el que viven abiertas de par en par para combatir el calor pegajoso de Palermo.
A este edificio del siglo XVIII con vistas al puerto se mudó el escritor durante la II Guerra Mundial, después de que una bomba redujera a escombros el palazzo donde nació (y que hoy alberga un condominio de apartamentos de semilujo). El hogar de la pareja es un museo lleno de cosas que recuerdan al príncipe: la biblioteca superviviente, el retrato del abuelo aficionado a la astronomía que inspiró el personaje de Don Fabrizio (Burt Lancaster en la inmortal adaptación al cine de Luchino Visconti; otro noble, aunque más rojo) o las versiones de El Gatopardo. La que se dio a imprenta en 1958, hace ahora 60 años, y el manuscrito que nutre la edición definitiva de 2002.
El palacio también funciona como “alojamiento boutique”. La pareja alquila por Internet 12 apartamentos que “brindan una experiencia encantadora” a una heterogénea tribu de turistas transatlánticos fascinados por la grandeur mediterránea y por la hospitalidad que Polo, políglota, ha ido “perfeccionando con los años”. La experiencia incluye el trato con Lanza Tomasi, refinado profesor, escritor y musicólogo e intérprete de todas las cosas Lampedusa. Gioacchino, que ya portaba su propio pedigrí, fue adoptado por este en 1956, “una práctica habitual en la nobleza siciliana de la época para preservar el nombre y los títulos”, según cuenta el biógrafo David Gilmour. El chico tenía 23 años, y, además de fiel amigo y vibrante conversador, era el hijo que nunca tuvo el novelista.

Por el palacio, que se alquila, circula una heterogénea tribu turística
La adopción llegó poco después de que El Gatopardo fuese rechazado por el sello Mondadori a instancias del autor siciliano Elio Vittorini, en una de las malas decisiones más famosas de la historia editorial (Vittorini se reafirmaría al año siguiente, esta vez requerido por Einaudi). Otro escritor, Giorgio Basani, apostó en Feltrinelli por la novela de un autor novel de 60 años que había pasado toda su vida leyendo más de cuatro mil libros, con predilección por Stendhal y por la armada inglesa. Se preparaba sin saberlo para construir un monumental edificio mitad autobiográfico, mitad recuento histórico de una época que la Italia de entonces no había colocado aún en su sitio.


Lanza Tomasi y Nicoletta Polo PRISCILLA DI BENEDETTI

Lampedusa murió de cáncer de pulmón en 1957, sin ver su obra publicada, lo que le convierte, según Javier Marías (Vidas escritas), en “uno de los pocos escritores que nunca se sintió escritor ni vivió como tal”. Lástima que su autor no estuviera allí para verlo; El Gatopardo fue un éxito inmediato, ganó el premio Strega y dividió a la intelectualidad italiana entre los que la despacharon como decadente y conservadora y los que abrazaron su extraordinaria calidad literaria. A través de las décadas ha mantenido su carácter de tótem cultural.
Lanza Tomasi, que sirvió de inspiración al personaje de Tancredi (Alain Delon con parche en el cine), comparte la herencia con los sobrinos (y sucesores) de la viuda, Alessandra Wolf Stormersee, ya fallecida, que en el libro de cartas es definida como “una osa báltica, imponente y estirada”. “La princesa fue engañada de un modo infame por el sello Feltrinelli”, explica Lanza Tomasi. “Al principio tal vez tuvo sentido. Era un autor desconocido. Así que le pagaban el mínimo: 1,5% por la tapa blanda y un 6% por la dura. Pero a los 20 años, al renovar el contrato, Inge Feltrinelli ¡le ofreció prácticamente lo mismo cuando ya había vendido tres millones de copias!”. Wolf —“que se fiaba solo, y demasiado, como se ve, de las mujeres”— murió en 1982. Hoy, las obras completas de Lampedusa las publica, paradojas de la vida, Mondadori, mientras que la heredad literaria la maneja con más talento para los negocios el temible agente Andrew Wylie.
El encargado del legado prepara una biografía del escritor
A sus 84 años, Lanza Tomasi, que anda escribiendo una biografía de su pariente y es autor de libros sobre Bellini, Verdi o Satie, muestra un pícaro sentido del humor y un español a veces indescifrable mientras guía al visitante por el palazzo, auténtica cueva de los tesoros, también los suyos. En las habitaciones se suceden el retrato y la biblioteca de su madre, la aristócrata española María Conchita Ramírez de Villa Urrutia y Camacho, todo un personaje, la colección de relojes o los recuerdos de sus años como director artístico de algunos de los teatros más importantes de Italia.
Hablando con él, en una conversación que salta con facilidad de la lingüística estructural a Donizetti (“el más insípido de todos los grandes compositores italianos”), se tiene la impresión de asistir a los últimos ecos de un refinado mundo, donde, como muestra el libro de Acantilado, erudición y buen gusto vienen a ser lo mismo y la gente viaja, no hace turismo. En las cartas a sus primos, Lampedusa, que se hace llamar El Monstruo, proporciona comentarios políticos, chismes de variada índole, postales bucólico-artísticas de la campiña inglesa, indagaciones sobre la porcelana de Sèvres y mucha autoironía.

El descubrimiento y puesta en circulación de ese valioso material, “un precedente del estilo de El Gatopardo y de los cuentos del autor”, se debe al tesón de Lanza Tomasi. Ninguno de sus tres hijos (de dos matrimonios) y cuatro nietos se dedican a preservar ese legado. “Cuando él falte”, dice Polo, “tomaré yo el relevo; soy 20 años más joven”.
La princesa se menciona en las cartas como una osa báltica estirada
Lo cierto es que los derechos de autor de El Gatopardo caducarán en 2027 y hoy Lampedusa suena en el imaginario colectivo mucho más a la terrible crisis migratoria del Mediterráneo que a la gran literatura, aunque en el fondo ambas tengan que ver: la árida isla del mismo nombre, símbolo de la acogida y frontera con África, fue propiedad de la familia del escritor hasta que la vendieron en 1840 al rey de Nápoles por 12.000 ducados.
Un mar terrible
“Yo ya soy muy mayor, pero ese mar se va a convertir en un lugar terrible. Todo es bastante desastroso: nuestro alcalde es un loco completo, [el ministro del Interior italiano] Salvini es lamentable. Y a Trump, no hay más que verlo. Puede sonar aristocrático, pero basta con mirarlo andar”, opina Lanza Tomasi tras el almuerzo, servido con guantes en un luminoso comedor. ¿Y la mafia? “Aquí la mafia es como el rey. La mafia ha muerto... ¡Viva la mafia!”.
Los invitados a comer eran participantes en uno de los famosos cursos de comida siciliana de Nicoletta, que consisten en “quedar pronto, acudir al mercado, comprar lo necesario y cocinarlo durante la mañana para al final comérselo”, según explica una de las aprendices, subdirectora en un colegio pijo de Londres. El menú del día giró en torno a unos ruvidelli con pesto, estilo trapanese, y unas sardinas beccafico. El duque departió con los comensales en inglés, español, francés y alemán.
Sonará aristocrático, pero a Trump solo hay que verlo andar
Británicos, australianos, estadounidenses, daneses o austriacos, huéspedes de los apartamentos o no, se juntaron con otros amigos de la familia a la noche siguiente en los salones del palacio para celebrar la fiesta de la patrona, Santa Rosalía, la más importante del año en Palermo, una procesión popular que culmina en unos fuegos artificiales que estallan frente al palazzo. Terminada la cena, Lanza Tomasi se escabulló por las entrañas del edificio para salir por una minúscula puerta a la muralla española por la que paseaban las viudas de la nobleza apartadas del mundo.


La biblioteca de Giuseppe Tomasi Lampedusa, conservada en el palacio Lanza Tomasi PRISCILLA DI BENEDETII

Abajo, hormigueaba la gente entre los puestos de tiro y las barracas. Y entonces, tras dos días de prolongada conversación sobre El Gatopardo y sus circunstancias surgió al fin la insoslayable frase. Ya saben, aquella que dice Tancredi a su tío, se repite hasta la náusea por lectores y no lectores de la novela y ha alumbrado hasta un concepto, el gatopardismo, que vendría a definir la astucia conservadora: “Si queremos que todo permanezca como está, hace falta que todo cambie”. Al escucharla, Lanza Tomasi suspira, mira hacia Palermo, y dice. “Hoy, como entonces, las cosas no machan bien en Sicilia. Y hoy, como siempre, las predicciones pesimistas son las únicas que se cumplen en esa isla”.

https://elpais.com/cultura/2018/08/31/actualidad/1535733713_542666.html

TRICHET JUGE LA SITUATION FINANCIÈRE MONDIALE "AUSSI DANGEREUSE" QU'EN 2007-2008


Par Challenges
L'accélération de l'endettement des pays émergents "rend aujourd'hui l'ensemble du système financier mondial au moins aussi vulnérable sinon plus qu'en 2008", estime celui qui fut de 2003 à 2011 à la tête de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE).
La situation financière actuelle? "Aussi dangereuse" qu'au moment de la chute de la banque américaine Lehman Brothers en septembre 2008, estime l'ex-président de la BCE Jean-Claude Trichet, aux premières loges il y a dix ans de ce cataclysme financier. "Il est maintenant admis que le surendettement massif des économies avancées a été un facteur essentiel dans le déclenchement de la crise financière mondiale des années 2007 et 2008", déclare à l'AFP M. Trichet.


Jean-Claude Trichet était aux premières loges il y a dix ans de ce cataclysme financier.

Or aujourd'hui, "la croissance de l'endettement - en particulier privé - des pays avancés a ralenti, mais ce ralentissement est compensé par une accélération de l'endettement des émergents. C'est ce qui rend aujourd'hui l'ensemble du système financier mondial au moins aussi vulnérable sinon plus qu'en 2008", estime celui qui fut de 2003 à 2011 à la tête de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE).

Sous sa gouverne, l'institution monétaire européenne basée à Francfort s'est retrouvée en première ligne au côté des autres grandes banques centrales mondiales à partir de 2007. "Le vrai début de la crise financière qui allait déferler sur le monde, je l'ai perçu le 9 août 2007 au matin lorsque nous avons été confrontés à une interruption complète du fonctionnement du marché monétaire de la zone euro", se souvient M. Trichet.


Plusieurs signaux avaient déjà laissé entrevoir une fragilité du marché hypothécaire américain, mais à l'été 2007 les événements s'accélèrent et les premières faillites se produisent aux Etats-Unis. Fin juillet, les bourses mondiales vacillent et la contagion atteint l'Europe : l'Allemagne doit renflouer en catastrophe la banque IKB, un plan de sauvetage de plus de trois milliards d'euros.

Le 9 août 2007, le groupe bancaire français BNP Paribas gèle trois de ses fonds investis aux Etats-Unis, dont l'encours a fondu de 400 millions d'euros en quelques jours. La panique gagne et le marché monétaire, sur lequel les banques s'échangent des liquidités, s'assèche brutalement.

"Situation sans précédent"
"La situation était sans précédent depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale : il n'y avait plus aucune activité normale, plus aucune transaction entre banques, plus de taux d'intérêt sur le marché. (...) Je prends alors avec mes collègues la décision de donner toute la liquidité demandée par les institutions financières sans limite".

Ce 9 août 2007, une cinquantaine de banques de la zone euro demandent à la BCE 95 milliards d'euros de liquidités pour pouvoir faire face à leurs obligations, un montant jamais vu. Et elles l'obtiennent. "J'étais alors en Bretagne, dans ma résidence secondaire de Saint-Malo, en liaison électronique constante avec la BCE et les membres du directoire. Nous prenons la décision en deux heures trente", détaille M. Trichet.

"Cette décision a été considérée comme très importante par tous les observateurs et les participants du marché car elle démontrait que la BCE pouvait prendre très rapidement des décisions extrêmement audacieuses", raconte l'ancien banquier central. "Il y avait deux écoles : ceux qui pensaient que la crise des subprimes annonçait quelque chose de grave et de majeur à venir et ceux qui estimaient qu'il ne s'agissait que d'une simple correction du marché, plutôt saine et sans gravité systémique. J'appartenais à la première école", poursuit M. Trichet.

Loin de s'apaiser, la situation continue à se dégrader au fil des mois jusqu'à l'embrasement généralisé : le 15 septembre 2008, la banque d'affaire américaine Lehman Brothers se déclare en faillite. Lehman a beau être la plus petite banque d'affaires de Wall Street, "c'est le détonateur", évoque Jean-Claude Trichet.

Dans les jours qui précèdent, "je suis en contact avec Ben Bernanke (le patron de la Banque centrale américaine, la Fed), avec Tim Geithner (chef de la Fed de New York), avec mes collègues du monde entier. Nous sommes en conférence permanente", raconte M. Trichet. "Nous expliquons que le dépôt de bilan de Lehman aurait des conséquences catastrophiques, mais je comprends que le gouvernement américain ne sauvera pas Lehman au cas où il n'y aurait pas de solution privée ", poursuit l'ancien banquier central.

De fait, critiquées à gauche à comme à droite après l'aide publique apportée aux organismes de refinancement hypothécaire Fannie Mae et Freddie Mac, les autorités américaines laissent Lehman s'effondrer. "Ma compréhension est que l'exécutif américain estimait ne pas avoir, à ce moment là, la capacité politique d'intervenir avec de l'argent public. Je me préparais donc moi-même à la catastrophe", se souvient M. Trichet.

https://www.challenges.fr/economie/trichet-juge-la-situation-financiere-mondiale-aussi-dangereuse-qu-en-2007-2008_610494#xtor=EPR-1-[ChaActu10h]-20180904

domingo, 2 de septiembre de 2018

MEISNEWS . LE LEGGI RAZZIALI E LE PERSECUZIONI DEGLI EBREI IN ALTO ADIGE


Quando la patria uccide
Storie ritrovate di famiglie ebraiche in Alto Adige
Museo Nazionale dell'Ebraismo Italiano e della Shoah - MEISHOP
Via Piangipane, 81 - Ferrara


Il MEIS ospita la presentazione del libro Quando la patria uccide. Storie ritrovate di famiglie ebraiche in Alto Adige (Edizione Raetia, Bolzano, 2016) da parte degli autori Sabine Mayr e Joachim Innerhofer.
Le vittime altoatesine della Shoah vennero sorvegliate ed espulse dalle autorità fasciste, e in gran parte perseguitate e deportate da nazisti locali. E dopo il 1945, a numerosi superstiti fu negato il risarcimento dei danni materiali e venne rimosso il ricordo di chi era stato assassinato.


13 aprile 1926, Hotel Bellaria di Merano. Nella foto, gli ospiti della festa di matrimonio di Sara Gans e Josef Bermann, ultimo Presidente della Comunità ebraica meranese prima della Shoah. Alcuni dei presenti – come l'albergatrice Terka Bermann ed Elena Camerino in Luzzatto – saranno deportati e uccisi nei lager nazisti.
Copyright: Museo ebraico di Merano


Quando la patria uccide documenta le molteplici forme in cui l'antisemitismo si manifestò in Sudtirolo, dove era profondamente radicato, racconta le sofferenze di tante vittime della Shoah, che diedero un importante contributo nei campi della medicina, dell'economia, delle infrastrutture, della cultura, del turismo, del giornalismo e della vita sociale, e dà un nome ai colpevoli e a chi approfittò della situazione.
A introdurre questo toccante viaggio nella memoria, il Direttore del MEIS, Simonetta Della Seta.
Partecipano con le loro testimonianze: Cesare Finzi, che nel settembre 1943 riuscì a mettersi in salvo fuggendo da Ferrara con lo pseudonimo di Cesare Franzi; Bruno Laufer, che con la famiglia dovette scappare da Merano e poi da Bolzano, e sopravvisse nascondendosi in casa di contadini italiani; Lydia Cevidalli, figlia di Aziadé Gabai, che evitò la deportazione nei campi di concentramento andando a vivere sotto falso nome in casa di un'amica; Maria Luisa Crosina che, con il volume Le storie ritrovate. Ebrei nella provincia di Trento 1938-1945, ha ridato voce agli ebrei del Trentino sotto il regime nazifascista

https://outlook.live.com/owa/?mkt=es-es&path=/mail/inbox/rp

WHY BREXIT IS A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE U.K. ART MARKET


Clare McAndrew

Photo by Christopher Furlong/Getty Images.

The role of the state has always been somewhat of a double-edged sword in the art market. Governments support a robust art trade by actively promoting supply through funding of the arts, and stimulating private sales and investing through tax and fiscal incentives. The state is also the ultimate protector of the market, regulating trade within and across borders to reduce crime and malpractice, and to ensure that a nation’s cultural heritage is kept intact.
However, regulations and taxes can also add layers of costs and red tape to the market, causing disincentives to investment and stymying the healthy flow of transactions, as well as interfering in important cross-cultural exchanges and the production of works of art. These negative effects are not equally distributed between countries, which has had important distributional consequences, with sales concentrating on those centers around the world that have the most liberal regimes.
Art is a mobile, durable, and portable asset: Both buyers and vendors can and do use regulatory arbitrage to access the best sales terms, especially as the values of works climb higher. This is yet another reason why global sales have gravitated towards a few key market hubs like the U.S. and U.K., both of which have strongly followed the Anglo-Saxon model of low regulation, competition, and strong private property rights.
The U.S. has retained its leading position by a substantial margin in most recent years, accounting for 42% of the value of global sales in 2017, thanks in large part to its favorable regulatory structure for buying and selling art. Meanwhile, the rise of Asia over the last decade or so has been accompanied by a decline in market share in Europe. In 2003, the EU had a 53% share of sales; now, it has just 33%. 
While there are many reasons for Europe’s decline, one primary factor is the perception that its regulatory structure makes it a costly and complex place in which to transact. Perhaps more worrying, the main reason for Europe still retaining a third of the market’s value has been that it can still count the U.K., without which it drops to just 13%.
Despite many attempts by the EU to level the competitive playing field in the Single Market for art, the U.K. has consistently retained a dominant position, accounting for over 60% of sales by value and being the primary center of international transactions. This has been a consistent picture since the 1960s, when the market moved from Paris to the U.S. and U.K. This relocation was due to the underlying shifts in the established bases of wealth and economic power, but also because of the introduction of a complicated system of taxes and royalties on art sales that drove both buyers and sellers away from France and towards more liberal trading regimes.
Wealth and a favorable regulatory environment (buttressed by a robust cultural infrastructure of expertise and institutions) are still two of the key drivers of where global art sales take place. These two determinants are one reason why the U.S., with its high concentration of high-net-worth individuals, as well as a legal and fiscal system that protects buyers and supports sellers, has become a global entrépot market that couples strong domestic trade alongside foreign trade. The latter, in particular, is facilitated by a liberal trading regime for art.
Similarly, the dominance of the U.K. in Europe has, to a very large extent, been dependent on successfully competing with global rivals to attract the best works of art for sale. The success of the British market is, therefore, highly vulnerable to fiscal and regulatory changes, which could put it at a disadvantage in an increasingly competitive market.
Brexit now provides U.K. and EU policymakers an impetus for regulatory review and potential change. Right now, this is a source of uncertainty within the art trade, particularly with regards to the terms of trade that may emerge between the U.K. and other EU member states, but it is also a golden opportunity for the U.K. to break out of the EU’s top-down mould of regulation and set its own legal regime for the art trade. Brexit will enable the U.K. art trade to propose that several art market-related EU directives be modified or deleted, most notably those centered on imports and exports, as well as on artists’ resale rights.
Currently, the level of import VAT is 5% in the U.K., the lowest rate allowable under EU rules. While it is the lowest in Europe, it compares unfavorably with the U.S. (0%) and China (3%). Coming out of Brexit, the U.K. could enhance its competitive position by lowering the rate or removing import VAT altogether (the latter move would take the U.K. back to the position it was in before 1995, when it was forced to comply with the EU VAT directive). More favorable rates could attract global sales, effectively bypassing Europe altogether.
However, if any rate above zero is introduced on intra-EU trade, this will represent a deterioration from the U.K.’s current position as a member of the Single Market for art. Given that the U.K. art market is dominated by extra-EU trade, which accounts for between 80% and 85% of both imports and exports of art by value, this may have a lesser effect on the overall value of U.K. sales, but may affect employment or ancillary business in the U.K., all of which needs to be analyzed and balanced. A silver lining for the remaining EU markets is the opportunity for one country to become the global entry point to the European market. France, being the largest, and already with import VAT of just 5.5%, appears to be the prime contender.
The U.K. also currently participates in an artists’ resale rights (ARR) regime, which was introduced in the EU in 2006 for living artists (and 2012 for artists’ heirs), imposing royalties in all member states, including countries that had never had resale rights before, such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, and the U.K. Rather than being motivated by the support of artists, the primary intention of the introduction of the ARR was to smooth out distortions of competition within the EU in the Single Market due to the disparities in national laws. But it did so with the disadvantage of leaving all of the member states in an uncompetitive position compared with non-EU markets that have no intention of ever bringing in the legislation, such as the U.S., China, and Switzerland. 
It has become increasingly clear that the art trade is relatively mobile and will take account of the differing costs of trading in various locations over time. There is a clear incentive for a vendor to relocate a sale if the cost of moving a work of art from one country to another is less than the amount of the royalty payable, and this is very much the case as prices rise. Gathering together current estimates on fees for works costing $50,000 or above, it would indeed be cheaper for a vendor to pack, insure, crate, and export an artwork to New York for sale than it would be for them to sell them in London or Paris with royalty. And it would be cheaper again to sell in nearby Switzerland, which also never had this law in its statute books.
While it is yet unclear if the U.K. will be able to fully free itself from the directive, the case of ARR in Europe shows the potentially perverse and negative impact the government can have on the market when the total economic effects of legislation are not included in decision-making.
While Brexit was a shock to the European art trade, change can bring opportunities. For the U.K., this is an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive cost benefit analysis of these directives and their implications for the future of the British art market, given the country’s newfound freedom to take decisive action on the outcomes.
For countries remaining, like France, there is also an opportunity to perhaps lead Europe in a new direction. The French market has a dynamic and vastly knowledgeable network of galleries, and is already in the process of overhauling its auction sector. A great example of market actors’ capacity to challenge policy was seen in recent years, when the government tried to increase import VAT on art in 2014 from 7% to 10%. The market rallied together and provided evidence to the government of how raising the tax would actually lead to a large loss in revenue, due to its negative effects on sales. The protestors succeeded not only in getting the hike prevented, but also convinced the government to introduce a new lower rate of 5.5%. 
This worked because the dealer and auction sector collaborated in presenting one strong voice to government (as has been done by the British Art Market Federation in the U.K. for many years). It also presented an objective economic cost benefit analysis of the policy that looked beyond short-term revenues or emotive arguments, instead looking to the wider economic implications for the market. While the EU—France, in particularly—has always focused on hierarchical, top-down, command-and-control regulation, the success of both the U.K. and the U.S. in the global art trade seems to indicate that much can be learned from the Anglo-Saxon model, which relies on a framework of laws that protect the interests of participants in the market and allows the freedom to compete.
Most economists share the belief that if a market is working efficiently, it should be left alone. A fully-functioning, competitive economy should be able to satisfy consumer preferences optimally without intervention. Governments intervening in the market have the burden of proof of showing where parts of it aren’t working properly, and that, left to its own devices, the outcome will either be inefficient or socially sub-optimal.
There are certainly failures in the market for art, from potential failures of competition to the disregard for the many positive externalities the sector creates. There are also morality-based arguments that would suggest a role for the government in ensuring an optimal level of production and access. However, every government intervention has its own costs and consequences, and a full analysis of these is necessary to ensure that Europe does not become a second-tier market, trailing the U.S., China, and the U.K.

https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-brexit-golden-opportunity-uk-art-market?utm_medium=email&utm_source=14328719-newsletter-editorial-daily-08-31-18&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_content=st-V

WO TREMENDOUS MOTORCYCLES COME TO AUCTION A VINCENT BLACK LIGHTNING THE HOLY GRAIL OF BRITISH BIKES, AND STEVE MCQUEEN'S HUSQVARNA From The Film On Any Sunday


These cultural and historical mechanised jewels are to star in Bonhams' debut auction at Barber Motorsports Museum in October
COLLECTORS' MOTORCYCLES AT THE BARBER MUSEUM
Birmingham, Barber Motorsports
Los Angeles -- Two incredibly significant motorcycles – without doubt some of the most prominent in the world – have been consigned for the October 6th auction at the Barber Motorsports Museum in Birmingham, Alabama.

The Vincent Black Lightning, sometimes called the "Ferrari GTO of two wheels," is regarded by many as the holy grail of motorcycles. Possessing the golden combination of rarity (only around 30 were ever built), evocative design, forward-thinking engineering and racing success, the British-made bike is simply unmatched in the collector world. And like a GTO, these coveted machines rarely, if ever, come up for sale. Bonhams has the honour of once again representing one of these magnificent motorcycles – the 1949 example ordered new for Swiss racer and NSU factory team racer Hans Stärkle. Astonishingly, it is the second example built, has full ownership history from new, and is the earliest most original example in existence. With a Vincent Black Lightning currently holding the world record for the most valuable motorcycle ever sold at auction – a feat realised by Bonhams in Las Vegas earlier this year when the Australian Speed Record bike sold for nearly $1-million, this rarity is sure to command global interest.

In the archives of popular culture, few motorcycles have had more wow factor than the Husqvarna model the King of Cool rode shirtless on the cover of Sports Illustrated and in the film On Any Sunday. Now, the auction house most closely associated with Steve McQueen will be offering the Hollywood legend's very own 1970 "Husky" 400 Cross ridden in the film. Offered with extensive documentation, including the ownership card from the California Department of Motor Vehicles naming Solar Productions (McQueen's production company), McQueen's entry form for the 1970 Saddleback 500 Senior Race, and a lucky penny – an uncirculated 1960 1¢ coin (1960 being the birth year of son Chad) – that was found inside a clear plastic case tucked away in the cavity of the motorcycle between the engine and frame.

"The significance of these two motorcycles can't be underscored enough," says Ben Walker, Bonhams Head of Motorcycles. "One is truly a legend in every regard and the other is monumentally iconic. We've offered a multitude of important motorcycles at Bonhams over the years but these are real standouts."

Bonhams' sale will be hosted in conjunction with the famous Barber Vintage Festival on Saturday, October 6th at the Barber Motorsports Museum in Birmingham, Alabama. With limited availability remaining for special consignments, interested owners should contact motorcycles.us@bonhams.com. Details about the auction can be found at bonhams.com/barber.
https://www.bonhams.com/press_release/26297/