The Rite of Spring: An introduction
One of the most influential pieces of music
and cultural events of the early 20th century was undoubtedly Stravinsky’s The
Rite of Spring. Discover more about the piece, from its infamous premiere to
the Opera North’s production in collaboration with Phoenix Dance theatre.
How did The Rite of Spring come about?
The Rite of Spring was written by Igor
Stravinsky, who was quite young at the time, and relatively unknown. He had
been talent-spotted by the Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev in Paris, and
had already composed two ballet scores for Diaghilev’s own company ‘Ballets
Russes’: The Firebird (1910) and Petrushka (1911).
The third commission – The Rite of Spring
(subtitled ‘Pictures of Pagan Russia’) – was quite a departure from what had
come before. In Stravinsky’s own words, this is how the concept came to him:
'I saw in my imagination a solemn pagan rite:
sage elders, seated in a circle, watching a young girl dance herself to death.
They were sacrificing her to propitiate the god of Spring.'
He then approached the painter Nicholas
Roerich, who specialised in pagan subjects, to collaborate with him on the
scenario – two parts, broken into a series of episodes, which depict various
rituals. The celebrated dancer Vaslav Nijinsky was appointed as choreographer,
even though his last work, the ballet L’après-midi d’un faune (Afternoon of a
Faun) based on Debussy’s symphonic poem Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune, had caused
controversial reactions.
Did the premiere really cause a riot?
The Rite of Spring’s 1913 premiere in Paris has gone down in history as one of the greatest theatrical furores of the 20th Century. In his 1936 autobiography, Stravinsky recalls that 'derisive laughter' began after only the first few bars, and that things quickly escalated to a 'terrific uproar'.
Whether it was the radical music, or
Nijinsky’s angular and grounded (rather than air-borne) choreography – or both
– which offended the audience’s idea of what ballet should be, is unclear. In
any case, Stravinsky left his seat to watch from the wings, where Nijinsky was
standing on a chair shouting numbers to the dancers, who could no longer hear
above the mayhem in the auditorium. Meanwhile Diaghilev apparently kept
ordering the electricians to turn the lights on or off, hoping in that way to
put a stop to the noise.
Why was the score so revolutionary?
When The Rite of Spring premiered, audiences
had never heard anything like it – in rhythm, stress and tonality, it was groundbreaking.
Stravinsky wrote:
'Very little immediate tradition lies behind
The Rite of Spring – and no theory. I had only my ear to help me; I heard and I
wrote what I heard. I am the vessel through which The Rite passed.'
This threw up more than a few problems at the
time. Stravinsky found it difficult to notate music of such rhythmic complexity
and express on paper what he meant, and the original orchestral musicians had
to be asked to stop interrupting in rehearsals when they thought they had found
mistakes.
To our ear today, it still sounds radical – it is an eternally
modern score. The piece opens with a bassoon melody played in a high register
(making the instrument hard to identify at first), which sounds otherworldly
and disturbing. This is followed by the first dance, which is characterised by
a repeated, stamping chord, where the accented beat constantly shifts. The
final ‘sacrificial dance’ is heavily percussive. The production’s conductor
Garry Walker says:
'The rhythms of The Rite of Spring are so elemental.
At the end, you just
have to dance to it – it’s almost hypnotic.'
What is this choreography like?
Opera North’s The Rite of Spring, in association with Phoenix Dance Theatre, is choreographed by Haitian-born Jeanguy Saintus. He departs from Stravinsky’s original narrative of sacrifice, which Saintus considered to be sexist through our contemporary lens. Instead, he approaches the work through his own cultural roots, inviting the eight company Phoenix Theatre dancers to explore Haitian vodou, with its spirits and rituals:
'I told myself, instead of sacrificing a girl or a woman, why don’t
we think of the ritual as call and response, and a give and take between the
realm of humans and the ‘Invisibles’ (intermediary spirits between the Supreme
Creator and the world in Haitian vodou)? Why don’t we make a ‘promise’ as an
offering?'
Each of these spirits has a distinctive character and personality,
and the audience will get to know and recognise them through the choreography.
The idea of a central circle, which is important in Haitian vodou is also
prominent. Through the presentation of
these narratives, Saintus' work challenges the dark Western stereotypes often
associated with vodou and instead presents these rituals in a new, celebratory
light..
What are the costumes like?
Designer Yann Seabra’s costumes for our Rite
of Spring are incredibly colourful – with different colours representing the
different spirits. Male and female dancers initially wear the same, but these
costumes are added throughout the piece, with flowing skirts.
Most strikingly of all, the dancers each wear gloves matching their
own skin tone, which have then been dipped in dye, giving the illusion of
painted hands.
https://operavision.eu/en/library/performances/dance/rite-spring-opera-north-phoenix-dance?utm_source=OperaVision&utm_campaign=08d998d5ba-RITE+OF+SPRING+2021+EN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_be53dc455e-08d998d5ba-100468825#about
Au Verbier Festival, un gala lyrique bricolé mais de grande classe
C’était une Fanciulla del West très attendue, mais la Covid ne l’a pas vu de cet œil. Plusieurs cas positifs au Verbier Festival Orchestra ont purement et simplement entraîné l’annulation de tous les concerts de la phalange symphonique du Verbier Festival, et donc cette version de concert (au même titre que le deuxième acte de Tristan et Isolde, le 23 juillet). Comme la veille avec Olga Peretyatko, c’est cette fois à la Salle des Combins que les grandes voix ont enthousiasmé un public (malheureusement) peu nombreux. Il ne faut pas chercher de fil rouge dans ce florilège shuffle d’airs franco-germano-russo-italiens, ni même s’étonner que le piano d’accompagnement soit peu adapté à ce récital (car peu audible dans les grands volumes de la tente), mais les situations de crise appellent des décisions radicales pour que la musique puisse malgré tout avoir sa place dans les Alpes suisses en ce moment.
Le pianiste James Baillieu dirige le programme de mélodies de l’Atelier Lyrique à la Verbier Festival Academy. Aux Combins, ses chaussettes rayées colorées sont ce soir plus visibles que ses subtilités de toucher ne sont audibles. Arriver sur ce programme improvisé en dernière minute tient du grand talent, d’autant que le son des cordes frappées qui nous parvient timidement réserve un panel gourmet de caractères. Madame Butterfly respire par exemple en remous d’océan et submerge à marée haute de souvenirs d’espoir projetés à l’horizon. L’Élixir d’amour s’anime et s’auto-tricote gaiement, Francesco Cilea se pare de reflets impressionnistes, et La Dame de pique s’enracine en symbiote dans les lignes vocales. Si l’acoustique du lieu ne facilite pas l’enroulement d’écoute dans la boucle du piano, les chanteurs s’en donnent à cœur joie pour réarranger le rapport entre la voix et le public.
Le ténor Marcelo Álvarez donne la chair de poule à la moindre intervention, réunissant l’alpha et l’oméga de la tension opératique. Toujours exceptionnel et exponentiel en intensité, il empoigne au vol la beauté de la phrase et la chaleur de l’émission. La voix mute par le pouvoir du texte : un mot dans le rêve puis un bond dans la réalité. ; il est un véritable agronome de l’incidence émotionnelle. Dans la sublime page de musique qu’est « Ô Souverain » (Le Cid de Massenet), la dévotion l’emporte. Si la diction rigoureuse compose un remarquable « E lucevan le stelle » (Tosca), c’est dans le duo Alvaro-Carlo de l’acte IV de La Force du destin qu’il atteint l’exaltation suprême : cette battle du chant d’honneur passe par tous les stades imaginables, soutenus admirablement. Ambrogio Maestri participe lui aussi à la joute verdienne de son réconfortant timbre single malt. Les dilemmes de ses personnages se nichent dans des inflexions opulentes et expressives. En un même legato, les changements d’articulation sans temps mort participent à la richesse de la prestation. La rage de Carlo Gérard (Andrea Chénier) est une colère contenue ; son Giorgio Germont (La Traviata) refuse les concessions, dans une voix comme entourée d’une étoffe épaisse et précieuse, et cherche à convaincre sans brusquer. Le baryton est adepte des bombes à retardement, dense dans tous les registres. La Violetta de Maria Bayankina, tout droit sortie d’un opéra de Tchaïkovski, tient davantage de l’ostentation lyrique. Le manque d’« italianités » aérées ne nuit en revanche pas à « Un bel dì vedremo » (Madame Butterfly), où Cio-Cio San joue à cache-cache avec ses émotions, entre une force d’évocation retenue et des nuances prenantes. L’air de Lisa du troisième acte de La Dame de pique est superbement composé de zooms et de piliers, et se projette en fatum large. Nous cernons une vraie douleur qui brave le corps du personnage. Enfin, avec Tannhaüser, la soprano ouvre le concert confiante et exaltée, pour poser les bases d’une soirée où la voix est mise à nu dans une ampleur finalement bienvenue. Un bis très réussi par chanteur et un Libiamo collectif avec les étudiants de l'Atelier Lyrique de la Verbier Festival Academy : la soirée se conclut en beauté !
Thibault Vicq
(Verbier, 20 juillet 2021)
Crédit photo © Lucien Grandjean
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