LOS
QUE HACEMOS ESTE BLOG ALICIA PERRIS Y SU WEBSMASTER, JULIO SERRANO, OS
REGALAMOS LOS MEJORES DESEOS DE ARTE, MÚSICA Y CULTURA, PERO TAMBIÉN DE PAZ,
SOLIDARIDAD Y SALUD EN UN MUNDO MÁS RESPETUOSO CON LA NATURALEZA, EN NOMBRE DE
ESTE ANIMALITO Y DE TODOS LOS OTROS QUE HABITUALMENTE QUEREMOS Y NOS CUIDAN.
jueves, 24 de diciembre de 2015
GIUSEPPE TOMASI DI LAMPEDUSA (PALERMO, 1896 - ROMA, 1957): LEER BIEN PARA VIVIR MEJOR –
Hemos querido evocar en esta exposición al escritor y también, y sobre
todo, a ese lector total convencido de que leer bien es una buena herramienta
para vivir mejor.
http://casalector.fundaciongsr.com/2472/
MARIINSKY (KIROV) OPERA COMPANY
Empress Catherine II issued an imperial edict that
"Russian Theatre should be not merely for comedies and tragedies, but also
for operas". This decree of 12th June 1783 to the Russian company
performing in the specially built Bolshoi (Stone) Theatre envisaged the
"production of one or two serious operas and two new comic operas per
year". This date is considered the starting point in the history of the
Mariinsky Opera Company.
Italian opera held sway over St Petersburg’s Bolshoi Theatre, which opened on
24th September 1783 with Paisiello’s opera Il mondo della luna.
Alongside those by foreign composers, Russian works gradually began to appear
on the Petersburg stage, including Orpheus and The
Coachmen at the Travellers’ Inn by Yevstigney Fomin, The
Miller, the Wizard, the Liar and the Matchmaker by Mikhail Sokolovsky
and The Carriage Accident by Vasily Pashkevich. These first
frays into the world of opera played a great historic role, as this is where
elements of the Russian musical and dramatic style were first heard, later to
be developed in the works of the great opera composers of the 19th century.
Russian opera singers such as Yelizaveta Sandunova, Anton Krutitsky, Vasily
Samoylov and Pyotr Zlov dazzled alongside foreign soloists on the Petersburg
stage. The emergence of the Russian school is linked to these
names. Mikhail Glinka’s opera A Life for the Tsar was
premiered at St Petersburg’s Bolshoi Theatre on 27th November 1836; precisely
six years later, on 27th November 1842, Glinka’s second opera Ruslan and
Lyudmila was performed here for the first time. The first in a series
of great Russian operas combining true art with genuine accessibility, they
marked the birth of classical Russian opera. It was not by mere chance
that A Life for the Tsar opened the Mariinsky
Theatre on 2nd October 1860.
Edward Napravnik, who dedicated over half a century to the Mariinsky
Theatre (1863-1916), played an immense role in developing Russian operatic
theatre, training singers and establishing a brilliant orchestra. Napravnik
built up a great company that could perform complicated concert programmes in
addition to operas and ballets.
The operas The Stone Guest by
Dargomyzhsky (1872), Judith (1863), Rogneda (1865)
and Satan (1871) by Serov, most
of Rimsky-Korsakov’s operas, Boris Godunov (1874)
and Khovanshchina (1886) by Musorgsky, Prince
Igor (1890) by Borodin, The Demon byRubenstein,
all of Tchaikovsky’s operas (Charodeika being conducted
by the composer himself) and other magnificent Russian operatic works were all
premiered at the Mariinsky Theatre.
The theatre’s repertoire also included the best operas by western European composers. Giuseppe Verdi wrote La forza del destino especially for the Mariinsky Theatrein 1862, where it was premiered in the presence of the composer.
The theatre’s repertoire also included the best operas by western European composers. Giuseppe Verdi wrote La forza del destino especially for the Mariinsky Theatrein 1862, where it was premiered in the presence of the composer.
The history of Richard Wagner’s operas in
Russia is closely linked above all with the Mariinsky Theatre,
where Wagner first became known to Russians not only as a composer
but also as a conductor. In the 1860’s and 1870’s, the Mariinsky Opera Company
introduced the public to the composer’s early reformative works and, at the
turn of the century, staged Wagner’s grandiose tetralogy Der Ring des
Nibelungen in full.
A great opera company emerged at the Mariinsky Theatre. The talents of Osip Petrov, who first sang the roles of Susanin, Ruslan, Farlaf, the Miller and Ivan the Terrible helped Russian operatic art to blossom. He performed on stage for almost half a century alongside Anna Vorobyova-Petrova, Maria Stepanova and Lev Leonov. These singers were succeeded by a younger generation of singers including Yulia Platonova, Mikhail Sariotti, Fyodor Komissarzhevsky, Ivan Melnikov, Fyodor Stravinsky, Yevgeny Mravin, Maria Slavina and Nikolai and Medea Figner. At the turn of the century, the Russian operatic stage was illuminated by the talents of the great Fyodor Chaliapin, who constantly aimed to embody artistic truth and portray strong human emotions on the stage.
A great opera company emerged at the Mariinsky Theatre. The talents of Osip Petrov, who first sang the roles of Susanin, Ruslan, Farlaf, the Miller and Ivan the Terrible helped Russian operatic art to blossom. He performed on stage for almost half a century alongside Anna Vorobyova-Petrova, Maria Stepanova and Lev Leonov. These singers were succeeded by a younger generation of singers including Yulia Platonova, Mikhail Sariotti, Fyodor Komissarzhevsky, Ivan Melnikov, Fyodor Stravinsky, Yevgeny Mravin, Maria Slavina and Nikolai and Medea Figner. At the turn of the century, the Russian operatic stage was illuminated by the talents of the great Fyodor Chaliapin, who constantly aimed to embody artistic truth and portray strong human emotions on the stage.
At the start of the 20th century, operas at
the Mariinsky Theatre were marked by innovative attempts to stage
"unified" productions that combined music, drama, painting and
choreography. Artists Alexander Golovin, Konstantin Korovin, Alexander Benois
and Valentin Serov, choreographer Mikhail Fokine and director
Vsevolod Meierhold collaborated on operatic productions. During his period as
director of the Mariinsky Theatre (1909-1918), Meierhold staged
several productions including Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde (1909), Gluck’s Orphйe et
Eurydice (1911), Musorgsky’s Boris Godunov(1911), Strauss’ Elektra (1913),
Dargomyzhsky’s The Stone Guest (1917), Rimsky-Korsakov’s The
Snow Maiden (1917) and Stravinsky’s The Nightingale (1918).
Meierhold’s operatic reforms brought the art closer to contemporary theatrical
trends, seeking out new stylistic techniques connected with conventional
theatre aesthetics and stylisation. In the first years after the Revolution,
the foremost Russian performers continued to sing at the theatre. An entire
galaxy of operatic stars including Chaliapin, Yershov, Piotrovsky, Andreyev, Bosse,
Kastorsky and Kobzareva performed on the stage. Soon a new generation of
artists appeared; such singers as Maksakova, Reisen, Slivinsky, Migay,
Derzhinskaya, Pechovsky and Gorskaya provided a firm foundation for the Opera
Company in years to come.
Conducting was at an unusually high level; operas were
conducted by Kouts, Malko, Fitelberg, Pokhitonov, Kuper, Dranishnikov and Gauk.
Amongst new operas performed at the Mariinsky Theatre at this time, Prokofiev’s satirical comic opera Love for Three Oranges (1926), Berg’s expressionisticWozzeck (1927) and Strauss’ Salome (1924) and Der Rosenkavalier (1928) were especially interesting. The years leading up to the Second World War saw the production of Gцtterdдmmerung in 1931, Das Rheingold in 1933 and Lohengrin in 1941.
During the war years, part of the company remained in besieged Leningrad and performed concerts and operas for city residents. The rest of the company was evacuated to Perm, where it not only performed operas from the repertoire of past years, but also staged several new productions.
After the war, the theatre staged many important productions, bringing fame to a new generation of singers, musicians and directors. Prokofiev’s The Duenna (Betrothal in a Monastery), one of the most vivid comic operas, was among those to enjoy such success when it was staged in 1946. 1960 saw the premiere ofSemyon Kotko (directed by Tovstonogov). Amongst the greatest singers then at the theatre were Preobrazhenskaya, Serval, Kashevarova, Velter, Mshanskaya, Barinova, Krivulia and Laptev.
Amongst new operas performed at the Mariinsky Theatre at this time, Prokofiev’s satirical comic opera Love for Three Oranges (1926), Berg’s expressionisticWozzeck (1927) and Strauss’ Salome (1924) and Der Rosenkavalier (1928) were especially interesting. The years leading up to the Second World War saw the production of Gцtterdдmmerung in 1931, Das Rheingold in 1933 and Lohengrin in 1941.
During the war years, part of the company remained in besieged Leningrad and performed concerts and operas for city residents. The rest of the company was evacuated to Perm, where it not only performed operas from the repertoire of past years, but also staged several new productions.
After the war, the theatre staged many important productions, bringing fame to a new generation of singers, musicians and directors. Prokofiev’s The Duenna (Betrothal in a Monastery), one of the most vivid comic operas, was among those to enjoy such success when it was staged in 1946. 1960 saw the premiere ofSemyon Kotko (directed by Tovstonogov). Amongst the greatest singers then at the theatre were Preobrazhenskaya, Serval, Kashevarova, Velter, Mshanskaya, Barinova, Krivulia and Laptev.
Of western European operas, the revival
of Wagner’s Lohengrin (1962) and Verdi’s La
forza del destino (1963) deserve special attention. Later
came Benjamin Britten’s contemporary opera Peter Grimes (1965)
and Hungarian composer Ferenc Erkel’s Lбslу Hunyadi (1965).
1966 saw the production of Mozart’s The Magic Flute, an opera
rarely staged in Russia. Productions of these years helped discover the unique
talents and great gifts of singers such as Irina Bogacheva, Galina
Kovaleva, Lyudmila Filatova, Boris Shtokolov and Vladimir Atlantov.
Yuri Temirkanov was the theatre’s Principal
Conductor from 1976 to 1988. Starting with contemporary operatic music
(Prokofiev’s War and Peace (1977) and Rodion Shedrin’s Dead
Souls, staged by Boris Pokrovsky (1978)), he turned his attentions to
Russian classics not merely as a conductor but also as a stage director,
writing his own scene plans for Eugene Onegin and The
Queen of Spades. During this period, such great singers as Yevgeniya
Gorokhovskaya, Lyubov Kazarnovskaya, Larisa Shevchenko, Konstantin Pluzhnikov,
Nikolai Okhotnikov, Sergei Leiferkus, Alexei Steblyanko and Yuri
Marusin occupied the forefront of the operatic stage.
Valery Gergiev’s appointment as Principal
Conductor and later Artistic Director at the end of the 1980’s heralded a new
era for the Opera Company. The first years of his leadership were devoted to
reforms not only to repertoire policy, but most importantly to the development
of a new working style in a new, faster artistic tempo.
On Gergiev’s initiative, the theatre held "monographic"
festivals dedicated
to Musorgsky, Prokofiev and Rimsky-Korsakov, the greatest
Russian composers. At the Musorgsky festival in 1989, all the composer’s operas
were performed - Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, a concert
performance of The Sorochinsky Fair, The Marriageand highlights
of Salammbo as originally orchestrated by the composer. The
festival dedicated to the 100th anniversary since the birth
of Prokofiev presented audiences with four of his operas - The
Fiery Angel, War and Peace, Love for Three Oranges and The
Gambler. The Fiery Angel, one of the festival premieres, staged
by British director David Freeman, was named best production of 1992 in
Japan. Prokofiev’s operas were not staged at the Mariinsky
Theatre for a lengthy period, and the theatre paid tribute and respect to
the most important Russian opera composer of the 20th century with this
festival and further productions of Betrothal in a Monastery (1996), Semyon
Kotko (1999) and War and Peace (2000). The
Rimsky-Korsakov in the 20th Century festival staged the composer’s monumental
operatic works - The Maid of Pskov, The Legend of the Invisible City of
Kitezh and the Maid Fevroniathe epic opera Sadko, Autumn Song,
Kashchei the Immortal and a concert performance of The Tsar’s
Bride.
The tradition of Promenade concerts accessible to all
was restored in the 1991-92 season, their rich and varied programmes intending
to draw the widest possible audience. The theatre’s symphonic concerts are now
firmly established. The Mariinsky Opera Company and Symphony Orchestra perform
at international festivals including those in Baden-Baden, Salzburg, Rotterdam,
Rome and Mikkeli.
The success of the Opera Company is ensured by its
highly talented singers who are able to enrich any production, either classical
or contemporary. It is no mere chance that Mariinsky Opera singers perform on
the stages of the world’s leading opera houses, demonstrating the high level of
the Russian operatic school. Alongside respected singers such
as Bogacheva, Borodina, Gorokhovskaya, Dyadkova,
Gorchakova, Shevchenko, Novikova, Galuzin, Gergalov, Marusin, Pluzhnikov, Putilin,
Vaneyev and Okhotnikov, there is a now a new generation of young talented
performers including Anna Netrebko, Irina Dzhoieva, Yevgeny
Nikitin, Olga Trifonova, Vasily Gerello, Ildar
Abdrazakov, Daniil Shtoda and Irina Mataeva.
http://www.mariinsky-theatre.com/company/opera/opera/Mariinsky_Kirov_Opera/
ANSELM KIEFER. CENTRE POMPIDOU
L'exposition, inédite par son ampleur et sa sélection, que le Centre
Pompidou consacre à l'oeuvre d'Anselm Kiefer propose une traversée rétrospective du parcours prolifique du
célèbre artiste allemand, de la fin des années 1960 à nos jours. Une
soixantaine de peintures, en provenance d'importantes collections privées et
publiques dans le monde, réunies pour la première fois, dialoguent avec des
installations, des vitrines, des ouvrages qui composent une exposition conçue comme
une suite de moments thématiques dans la carrière de l'artiste, avec toute sa
complicité.
Né en mars 1945, Kiefer participe avec Georg Baselitz, Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke ou encore Jorg Immendorff du renouveau de la peinture allemande
des années 1970, qui émerge dans un contexte international marqué par le
néo-expressionnisme. L'oeuvre d’Anselm Kiefer apparaît très vite comme
singulière, par son obsession à traiter de l'Histoire et des mythes propres à
la culture germanique. La plongée dans le passé et la mémoire sont sa stratégie
pour répondre à la question qui taraude cette génération d'artistes : comment
faire oeuvre après Hitler, répondant à la célèbre injonct ion de Theodor W.
Adorno : « Toute culture consécutive à Auschwitz y compris sa critique urgente
n'est qu’un tas d'ordures. » En
1984, en se rendant en Israël pour une exposition, Kiefer prend conscience avec
une nouvelle acuité de la perte, du deuil de la culture yiddish au sein même de
la culture germanique du fait de la mise en oeuvre de la « solution finale ».
Il étudie la philosophie du Talmud, les textes de la Cabbale, notamment au
travers des écrits de Gershom Scholem et d'Isaac Louria. L'artiste s'inspire
alors de concepts aussi complexes que le Tsimtsoum (retrait) ou Chevirat ha-kelim (brisure des vases). Anselm Kiefer
commence à élaborer une oeuvre qui s'écarte de la figuration occidentale
traditionnelle pour se situer dans le champ d'une symbolique ou d'une «
présence ».
Anselm Kiefer cite très souvent dans ses compositions le polyèdre présent dans la célèbre gravure d'Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia (1514). La mélancolie kieferienne ne se situe pas tant dans le registre de la géométrie que dans celui du deuil : le deuil d'une culture entachée par l'instrumentalisation qu'en a donné le totalitarisme, le deuil d'une culture juive auquel vient s'ajouter une méditation sur la ruine comme principe de création. Cette question, que Kiefer inscrit dans notre présent collectif au travers de référents architectoniques mais aussi de la matière de ses oeuvres (le plomb, la cendre…), fait figure d'allégorie de la propre vanité de l'homme en général et de l'artiste en particulier.
Anselm Kiefer cite très souvent dans ses compositions le polyèdre présent dans la célèbre gravure d'Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia (1514). La mélancolie kieferienne ne se situe pas tant dans le registre de la géométrie que dans celui du deuil : le deuil d'une culture entachée par l'instrumentalisation qu'en a donné le totalitarisme, le deuil d'une culture juive auquel vient s'ajouter une méditation sur la ruine comme principe de création. Cette question, que Kiefer inscrit dans notre présent collectif au travers de référents architectoniques mais aussi de la matière de ses oeuvres (le plomb, la cendre…), fait figure d'allégorie de la propre vanité de l'homme en général et de l'artiste en particulier.
https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/c6XxqAX/rgXxaGa
miércoles, 23 de diciembre de 2015
BAROQUE FESTIVAL - BACH'S MUSICAL OFFERING (BWV 1079)JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH'S A MUSICAL OFFERING BWV 1079 . PERFORMED BY LE CONCERT DES NATIONS WITH JORDI SAVALL
From the outset, the group's manifest aim has been to raise
audiences' awareness of an historical repertory of great quality by combining
rigorous respect for the original spirit of each work with a revitalising
approach to their performance, as is apparaent from their recordings of works
by Charpentier, J. S. Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Handel, Marais, Arriaga, Beethoven,
Purcell, Dumanoir, Lully, Biber, Boccherini, Rameau and Vivaldi.
http://www.teatrumanoel.com.mt/?m=shows&id=460
Bach: The musical offering, BWV 1079 | Jordi Savall & Le Concert des
Nations
SCANNING SOBEK MUMMY OF THE CROCODILE GOD
10 December 2015 –
21 February 2016
Come face to face with an enormous
mummified crocodile from ancient Egypt, covered with small mummified crocodile
hatchlings.
The ancient Egyptians believed this
mummy was incarnation of the crocodile god Sobek. Nearly 4 metres long, it is
coated with resin and has over 25 mummified crocodile hatchlings attached to
its back. This display uses state-of-the-art CT scans to reveal this creature’s
hidden secrets. Other objects show how Sobek was represented both as a
crocodile and as a man with a crocodile’s head.
Animal mummies provide a unique
insight into the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians – the animals could be
beloved pets, votive offerings for the gods, or manifestations of the gods
themselves. Crocodiles were creatures of both reverence and terror – their
connections to the Nile meant they were associated with fertility, but their
reputation as a dangerous predator meant they were also feared as killers.
This mummy was found at Kom Ombo, a
temple and cemetery site about 50km north of Aswan in Egypt, and it dates to
between 650 and 550 BC. Over 300 mummified crocodiles have been found at Kom
Ombo. The temple there was dedicated to both the falcon god Horus and Sobek,
who personified the strength, power and potency of the pharaoh.
CT scanning at the Royal Veterinary
College has revealed that some of the internal organs were removed and replaced
with linen packing during mummification. Several fragments of cattle bones, as
well as rocks, were also present, likely the remainder of the crocodile’s last
meal.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/whats_on/exhibitions/scanning_sobek.aspx
UN GRAIN DE TOUTE BEAUTÉMARION BATAILLARD, WILLEM BOEL, ARTHUR LAMBERT, FRANÇOIS MALINGRËY
Au Pavillon des Lauriers, d’après le
nom du bâtiment hospitalier psychiatrique où il résidait parfois : «Je veux
rester fou», y clame-t-il, et «je veille / Sur un grain de toute beauté». Dès
l’entrée, le visiteur se trouve plongé dans le fracas du chaos mental orchestré
par Willem Boel. En émergent les schémas métaphysiques d’Arthur Lambert. Dans
une perspective démesurée, inspirée des tunnels décrits par les témoins de mort
clinique, il aborde les visages familiers scrutés au pinceau par Marion
Bataillard et François Malingrëy, puis les corps entiers pris dans les vastes
compositions des mêmes.
«Référence à la folie ou non,
veiller sur un grain de toute beauté m’est apparu comme une définition possible
de cette insaisissable activité que demeure «faire de l’art», que Jean-François
Lyotard entendait lui comme «faire des branchements de libido sur la couleur».
Je cite Bashung et Lyotard, mais la forme même de l’exposition doit plus à
Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, qui s’attache dans Le Guépard à débusquer les «
racines plus profondes dans un de ces motifs que nous appelons irrationnels
parce que ensevelis sous des amas d'ignorance de nous-mêmes». Comme celui-là,
elle se développe dans l’espace et le temps en profondeur, vers un point
aveugle, on la traverse en se retournant à demi, comme pour jeter un dernier
oeil sur le monde qu’on laisse derrière soi ; on y progresse comme dans un
travelling exagérément ralenti, elle forme en son entier un zoom arrière
sophistiqué. Le grain du titre, ainsi, prend tous ses sens, psychiatrique,
météorologique, épidermique comme pictural.»
http://www.palaisdetokyo.com/fr/exposition/modules-fondation-pierre-berge-yves-saint-laurent/un-grain-de-toute-beaute
martes, 22 de diciembre de 2015
DAVIDE LIVERMORE: LA PASIÓN ITALIANA EN EL PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFÍA DE VALENCIA
Por Alicia Perris
MACBETH, de Giuseppe Verdi ( 1813- 1901).
Domingo 20 de diciembre, 2015
Ópera en 4 actos
y dos cuadros. Libreto de Francesco María Piave y Andrea Maffei. Estrenada en
Florencia en el Teatro della Pergola, el 14 de marzo de 1847. Editores y
propietarios: Casa Ricordi, Milán.
Director
musical: Henrik Nánási , Director de escena: Peter Stein, Escenografía:
Ferdinand Wögerbauer. Vestuario: Anna Maria Heinreich
Iluminación: Joachim
Barth
VOCES
Plácido Domingo:
Macbeth, Ekaterina Semenchuk: Lady Macbeth, Giorgio Berrugi: Macduff ,Alexánder
Vinogradov: Banco, Dama de Lady Macbeth: Federica Alfano*. Malcolm: Fabián
Lara*. Médico: Lluís Martínez **.Criado de Macbeth: Boro Giner**.Sicario: Pablo
Aranday*. Heraldo: Juan Felipe Durá**
Apariciones:
Josep de Martín+ y Héctor Francés+. Brujas: Alejandro Amores, Jorge Boluda,
Yester Mulen**. Sicarios: Carlos Díez, Esaúl Llopis, Jeilson Serrano**. Mujer:
Estela Carbonell**
*Centre de Perfeccionament
Plácido Domingo
**Cor de la Generalitat Valenciana
+Escolanía de la
Mare de Déu dels Desemparats
++Ballet de la
Generalitat
Cor de la
Generalitat Valenciana, Director, Francesc Perales. Orquestra de la Comunitat
Valenciana. Coproducción: Teatro dell’Opera di Roma, basada en la producción
original del Salzburger Festspiele.
un buque insignia musical
maravilloso, EL Palau de les Arts, enclavado en el corazón cultural y
científico de la ciudad (¿cuál no lo es?), levanta el telón de la décima temporada
de abono con Macbeth,
de Verdi en la Sala Principal.
Parcialmente escrita por el
dramaturgo de Stratford-upon- Avon, contó con adiciones de Thomas Middleton
(“The witch”) y sus fuentes son Holinshed y Boece y el personaje del primer
asesinato de la pareja más sangrienta del teatro isabelino, fue, realmente, el
rey de Alba, Duncan I, muerto en 1040 a manos del Macbeth histórico.
Es la primera creación de Shakespeare
que el compositor de Busseto llevó a la escena operística y cuenta con Plácido
Domingo como estrella del reparto en su papel número 145. Verdi le dedicó su
décima ópera a Antonio Barezzi, su primer suegro. Como escribió el compositor:
“He aquí este Macbeth, que amo más que a todas mis otras óperas”.
El “baritenor” madrileño, que a sus
casi 75 años, recoge el desafío de defender un personaje sombrío, intenso,
emocionante, corroído por la ambición, la traición y posteriormente por la
culpa. ¿Otro “juguete del destino”, como exclamaría Romeo, el joven enamorado
de Shakespeare?
Enardecido hasta la ceguera por la
suerte, la predicción de las brujas y desgarrado sin tregua por un fatum que él
mismo ha contribuido a alimentar.
Macbeth se despide del Palau de les
Arts, coincidiendo con el estreno de la enésima versión cinematográfica de esta
gran tragedia, dirigida esta vez por Justin Kurzel y con Michael Fassbender y
Marion Cotillard en los roles principales.
Hay otras composiciones como la
ópera de Ernest Bloch de 1910, Lady Macbeth de Mtsensk de Shostakóvich, o el
Poema Sinfónico de Richard Strauss, representaciones teatrales y traducciones
en todo el mundo, hacen de esta propuesta una de las más visitadas del bardo
inglés, verdadero paradigma de la falta de moral y de un maquiavelismo tan
renacentista, tan florentino y a la vez, por supuesto, tan propio del
sanguinario teatro isabelino, un reflejo especular de la política inglesa a lo
largo de la historia, cruenta y sin principios.
La mujer de Macbeth es el prototipo
de la mujer enloquecida, sin límites, como la dulce adolescente de “Lástima que
sea una…” de John Ford, o más hacia atrás en la historia del teatro universal,
Medea, la vengativa madre que ajusticia a sus propios hijos por ira y despecho
hacia el marido y el padre de su propia descendencia.
Se trata además de otra ópera donde
Verdi vuelca sus propios fantasmas. La pérdida de los hijos y la ausencia de
descendencia, el destino, la carrera permanente hacia la infelicidad y el vacío
y esa descripción tan proverbial y ambigua, que hace del papel de la mujer,
danzando siempre sobre el abismo, entre la figura de la “mamma” y sobre todo,
las Amneris, las Eboli, en fin, toda la colección interminable de “traviatas”,
que desencadenan catástrofes imposibles de contener ni de parar.
Está claro que una de las evidencias
que más atormenta a los Macbeth, es que reinarán los hijos de otros designados
por el destino, no los suyos propios, porque carecen de ellos, circunstancia
que viven como un vacío irreparable. Henrik Nánási, el director húngaro,
regresa al podio de Les Arts con este Verdi, después de su éxito con El
castillo del duque Barbazul el
año pasado y el director alemán Peter Stein
firma la puesta en escena de Macbeth,
que es una coproducción de Salzburgo y la Ópera de Roma.
Cuando paseo por la
playa de La Malvarosa (irrefrenable recuerdo de Manuel Vicent y su geografía), a la mañana siguiente de la velada operística, me
encuentro enfrente del lugar donde Plácido Domingo, el mítico cantante español,
tiene su cuartel general. Es un día perfecto de otoño, casi de primavera al
revés del calendario y, programa en mano, aprovecho para repasar las carnosas
propuestas del Palau para esta temporada: Bohème, Silla, Samson et Dalila,
Aída, Idomeneo, Café Kafka, de Francisco Coll, Sueño de una noche de verano de
Britten, Katiuska, y otras óperas, Don Quijote de Minkus, conciertos,
recitales, conferencias, esta gran sala de música impone e infunde respeto y
admiración con su despliegue arquitectónico pero también musical.
Impagable la
gestión del todo que hace el Intendente, Davide Livermore y el trato a los
medios por parte de los responsables de prensa, atenta la recepción al público
y asequibles las entradas en un teatro democrático en la concepción visual y
con una acústica envidiable. Un modelo raro e imaginativo, donde la dedicación
no a “los estudiantes de canto” sino a los “jóvenes cantantes” es primordial y
un must. Livermore tuvo algunos desencuentros por su enfoque de su gestión cultural en Italia, pero aquí y ahora, respira a pleno pulmón.
Con estos mimbres,
no podía resultar más que una versión contundente del Macbeth verdiano, con un
despliegue de emociones que alcanzan al espectador hasta en el plano más
físico.
El desempeño
musical de Henrik Nánási, con la complicidad eficaz de la orquestra de la
Comunitat Valenciana, es de una completa
riqueza sonora, con una elegancia manifiesta en los timbres y en los matices,
absoluta su conexión con el territorio vocal de los artistas y una antena
permanente puesta en el núcleo del escenario. Dirige como un italiano, ¡qué más
se podría escribir de él! Joven y cargado de esperanzas, este maestro especial.
Austera pero
proteica este proyecto acabado de Peter Stein y Ferdinand Wögerbauer, con una
iluminación talentosa a cargo de Joachim Barth y un excelente vestuario (clásico,
¡menos mal que no nos ponen unos cortesanos vestidos como en los años de la II
Guerra Mundial o el Novecento, por ejemplo!).
Aparece resuelto el
hecho teatral con gran soltura y magnificencia, haciendo del minimalismo
virtud, con una compenetración generosa con las voces, el texto y la música. El
coro es una pieza importantísima en esta ópera y la dirección vocal y escénica
de su director, Francesc Perales, consigue una expresividad y un potencial riquísimo.
Los niños del ballet que acompañan el sueño de Macbeth son una delicia.
Plácido Domingo,versionó
en 6 ocasiones este Macbeth y su actuación es inenarrable. Sabio, inteligente, salva
sin complejos y con elegancia, todas las trampas que puede presentar este rol y
esta partitura. Arrastra sus ropajes a lo grande por un escenario que, aunque
amplio, a veces le resulta pequeño, como un viejo león emancipado.
La mezzo rusa
Ekaterina Semenchuk, ejercita un personaje antipático, muy amargo. Su
prestación es sólida, pero a veces le falta dulzura, incluso en un rol, que,
como se ha explicado, no tiene ningún viso positivo. Áspera su dicción además,
pero hace una buena pareja con Domingo, amplificando el efecto musical y
teatral en la escenificación de la crueldad y la sangre.
La
contextualización del noble Banco de Alexánder Vinogradov, el suelto y ajustado
Macduff de Giorgio Berrugi y el excelente Malcolm de Fabian Lara, la dama de
Lady Macbeth, muy bien Federica Alfano, enmarcan el dúo protagonista, con unos
secundarios que no lo son, todo lo contrario, que emocionan, conmueven y
solicitan atención y aplausos: Lluís Martínez como el médico, Boro Giner, el
criado, Pablo Aranday, como el sicario,
Juan Felipe Durá como el heraldo y las apariciones de Josep de Martín y Héctor
Francés, algunos integrantes del coro, del Centre de Perfeccionament Plácido
Domingo o de la Escolanía de la Mare de Déu.
Podría ser más
extenso el programa de mano, con biografías o notas sobre la ópera y el texto,
pero, en cambio, tiene la ventaja de estar presentado en valenciano y español y
cuenta con unas buenas fotos.
El público, que llenó completamente la sala, aplaudió generosamente, con unas loas previsibles y muy merecidas para Plácido Domingo, su esfuerzo, prestancia y todos los cantantes, el director musical, el coro y el ballet de los pequeños.
La amargura del
original de Shakespeare queda lejos a la salida del Palau de Valencia, con esa
inmersión casi literal en los jardines, la construcción alada que rompe las
leyes de la gravedad y el agua, grandiosa, recorriendo todos los recovecos de
los alrededores.
Pero, cómo evitar
la tentación de citar a Shakespeare, con aquella frase memorable, casi un
recitativo en boca de Plácido: “la vida no es más que una sombra en marcha…, es
un cuento contado por un idiota, lleno de ruido y de furia, que no significa
nada". Ahí queda eso.
BOULEZ. DANCE. RHYTHM. FROM LE MARTEAU SANS MAÎTRE TO ALEA SANDS
Between rite and disorder
Sweeping aside the eternal
question of the arbitrary grafting of choreography onto pre-existing music,
associating the music of Boulez with dance will appear incongruous to some
people and welcome to others. Paying tribute to Boulez in an evening of ballet
alongside Ligeti and Stravinsky might seem a challenging prospect if one
overlooks the primordial importance of rhythm in his work; his famous analysis
of Rite
of Spring is, however, there
to remind us of it. Was he not criticised for precisely that – for sacrificing
everything, or nearly everything, to the rhythmic dimension alone? As for
Ligeti, if he dedicated Disorder, his
first piano study, to Boulez on the occasion of his 60th birthday, wasn’t that a malicious
reference to the dedicatee’s reservations concerning Ligeti’s analysis of Structures?
Between the analyser and the analysed, the relationship is not without discord
or ambivalence: any gift implies an exchange and naïve indeed is he who
imagines he understands all the implications of that gift.
Primordial Rhythm
One of the decisive shocks
of the Boulez experience was incontestably the realisation that it was now
possible to conceive music in which rhythm was not only independent of the
other elements of the composition, but could even precede them and subordinate
them to its own prerogatives, taking examples like the iso-rhythmic motets of
the 14th century,
the stylised dances of the Baroque period, Stravinsky’s ballets and Messiaen’s
rhythmic studies. The perplexity of Boulez’s critics stems largely from their
determination to consider his work in terms of obsolete categories, in
particular giving priority to the mere observation of sound – which with Boulez
is often no more than a layer applieda posteriori to pre-existing rhythmic structures,
the temporal counterpoint defining first and foremost the texture and formal
articulation, given substance later in sound.
Antiphony and heterophony
Whence the reading of a score which
is complex only in appearance – our western notation requiring subordination to
assure the collective synchronisation of bars, resulting either in permanent
metric adaptations or in awkward syncopations straddling the bar line because
of their often arbitrary application to independent rhythmic groups. Such
apparently insurmountable obstacles have sometimes contributed to precluding
Boulez’s music from all attempts at visual transposition. In the case of works
written for instrumental soloist, the problem no longer subsists in the same
terms since, no longer needing to assure the synchronisation of individual
parts, the notation may be either barred or unbarred according to the demands
of the musical context. In compositions mixing instrumental and electronic
sounds, the composer either takes the precaution of avoiding superimposing
natural and artificial sources or defines sufficiently supple homogenous
heterophonic textures so that the figures thus produced appear to have been
instantaneously sparked off by the central instrument – thus operating a return
to the very sources of antiphony.
Illusory fear
Having dealt with imaginary
obstacles such as the absence of bar lines, strong beats and unequivocal formal
articulation, the usual markers of progression on a arsis /
thesis (movement / rest) axis
– the performer is at liberty to direct his action according to moments of
mobility or immobility, of action or stillness, as the music exploits the
performer’s intuitive sense of the absence or presence of underlying
pulsations. This is what aroused Ligeti’s curiosity and his sense of this
music, so foreign to his musical upbringing, as a permanent see-sawing between
order and disorder: the constant sense of excited anticipation that one feels
when listening, an electric shock threatening darkly to manifest itself at any
moment. This is what also intrigued Gilles Deleuze, who went so far as to base
his own theoretical reflections on the Boulezian categories of temps
lisseand temps
strié – in other words,
audible (perceptible) or inaudible metric pulsation.
Representing the invisible
Pierre Boulez has conducted a good
many ballets, almost invariably in the concert hall with, however, a few
exceptions: The Rite of
Spring (Salzbourg, 1962), Les
Noces and Renard (Paris, 1965), with Maurice
Béjart. Other, more episodic encounters include collaborations with Lucinda
Childs and Ron Thornhill (Moses and Aaron, Amsterdam, 1995) and with Pina
Bausch on her production ofBluebeard’s Castle,
(Aix-en-Provence, 1998). During John Cage’s Paris visit in 1949, Boulez met
Merce Cunningham but the encounter did not lead anywhere. The only attempt at
long-term collaboration, the reform of the Théâtres Lyriques Nationaux
(1967-68), which was to have associated Boulez, Béjart and Vilar, failed in the
wake of the events of May 1968. This did not discourage Béjart, however, from
meeting the challenge threefold: stimulated by Boulez’s rhythmic refinement and
a plasticity in terms of sound that had not escaped his sensibilities, he
choreographed Le Marteau sans maître (Milan, 1973), Pli
selon pli(Brussels, 1975) and Dialogue de l’ombre double (Lausanne, 1998). Two years later,
this last composition was used for a highly remarkable equestrian choreography
created by Bartabas with his company Zingaro for a production entitled Triptyk, which
also featured The Rite of Spring and Symphony
of Psalms, also by Stravinsky (Paris, 2000).
The acoustic gesture
Whilst gaining experience as a
conductor, Boulez developed the concept of the gestural score of which traces
remain in Improvisation
II sur Mallarmé (1957),Éclat (1965) Rituel (1975) and Répons (1981). In these works, the order in
which the musical interventions are played is indicated to the watchful
performers spontaneously by the conductor, thus renewing links with the
etymology of the word choreography: χορεία (khoreía : «choric dance ») and γραφή (graph :
« writing »), the music of sound signs – notation and aurality. The origin of this highly
plastic concept lies in Boulez’s attentive observation of silent theatrical
techniques during his period of apprenticeship with the Renaud-Barrault Company
(1946-56), as well as of certain non-European musical practices, both ritual
and scenic: Japan (Gagaku, No, Bunraku and Kabuki), Bali (Gamelan), Brazil
(candomble), Central Africa (polyrhythms). The future apprentice conductor
initially intended to embark on a career as an ethnomusicologist until the war
in Indochina prevented him from pursuing his vocation.
Listening with the body
It is for the choreograph to trace
the indissoluble frontier between the visible and the invisible, between the
gesture of sound production and that produceddirectly from the sound source, as in those
oriental graphics in which the empty spaces suggest their optical
reconstitution to those who scrutinise them. The six loud-speakers in Anthèmes
2 ( a late avatar of “…explosante-fixe…”,
1971) reply to those of Dialogue de l’ombre double (rhizomorphic excrescence of Domaines,
1968): multiple reflections in reverberating sound mirrors disorientate the
listener like a character lost in the hall of mirrors in The
Lady from Shanghai by Orson
Welles (1947). The clarinet gives way to the violin which converses in turn
with its imaginary doubles, multiplying their sound sources at the very moment
they disappear – like the bow of Yehudi Menuhin, (who commissioned the first
version of Anthèmes)
conversing with the plectrum of Ravi Shankar.
Robert Piencikowski is a French
musicologist, Robert Piencikowski teaches musical analysis at the IRCAM college
and is responsible for the archives of Pierre Boulez at the Paul Sacher
Foundation in Bâle as well as those of Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Henri
Dutilleux, Henri Pousseur, Vinko Globokar, Peter Eötvös, Gérard Grisey, etc.
https://www.operadeparis.fr/en/magazine/boulez-dance-rhythm
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